1. Refractory materials: Graphite and its products have the properties of high temperature resistance and high strength. In the metallurgical industry, they are mainly used to make graphite crucibles. Graphite is commonly used as a protective agent for steel ingots and as a lining for metallurgical furnaces in the metallurgical industry.
2. Conductive materials: In the electrical industry, graphite is used to manufacture electrodes, brushes, carbon rods, carbon tubes, positive electrodes of mercury rectifier, graphite gaskets, telephone parts, coatings for TV picture tubes, etc.
3. Wear-resistant lubricating materials: Graphite is often used as a lubricant in the machinery industry. General lubricating oil often cannot be used under high-speed, high-temperature, and high-pressure conditions, while graphite wear-resistant materials can work at high sliding speeds at temperatures of 200 to 2000 ℃ without lubricating oil. Much equipment for transporting corrosive media widely use graphite materials to make piston cups, seals and bearings, which do not need to be lubricated during operation. Colloidal graphite is also a good lubricant for many metals processing (wire drawing, tube drawing).
4. Heat exchange material: Graphite features good chemical stability. Specially treated graphite features the excellent characteristics of corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, and low permeability. It is widely used in the production of heat exchangers, reaction tanks, condensers, combustion towers, absorption towers, coolers, heaters, and filters. , pump equipment. It is widely used in petrochemical industry, hydrometallurgy, acid and alkali production, synthetic fiber, papermaking and other industrial sectors, and can save a lot of metal materials.
5. Casting, sand turning, stamping and high-temperature metallurgical materials: Due to the minor coefficient of thermal expansion and the ability to withstand changes in quenching and heat, graphite can be used as a casting mold for glassware. With graphite casting molds, ferrous metal castings are accurate in size, have a smooth surface and a high yield, resulting in significant reduction of metal consumption.
In powder metallurgy processes such as cemented carbide production, graphite materials are usually used to make stamping molds and crucibles for sintering. monocrystalline silicon growth crucibles, refining vessels, support fixtures, induction heaters, etc. are all processed from high-purity graphite. In addition, graphite can also be used as a graphite insulation plates and base, a high-temperature resistance furnace tube, rods, plates and other components in process of vacuum metallurgy.
6. Atomic energy industry and national defense industry: Graphite has a good neutron moderator and is used in atomic reactors. The uranium-graphite reactor is currently the most widely used atomic reactor. As the deceleration material in the atomic energy reactor used for power, it should have high melting point, stability, and corrosion resistance. Graphite can fully meet the above requirements. The purity of graphite used in atomic reactors is very high, and the impurity content should not exceed dozens of PPM, especially the boron content should be less than 0.5PPM. In the defense industry, graphite is also used to make nozzles of solid fuel rockets, nose cones of missiles, parts of aerospace equipment, heat insulation materials and radiation protection materials.
7. Prevent boiler fouling. Tests have shown that adding a certain amount of graphite powder to water (approximately 4 to 5 grams per ton of water) can prevent scaling on the surface of the boiler. In addition, graphite coating on metal chimneys, roofs, bridges, and pipes can prevent corrosion and rust.
8. Graphite can be used as pencil lead, pigment, and polishing agent.
After special processing, graphite can be made into various special materials. Such as impermeable graphite, directional high-density graphite, graphite fiber cloth, etc.
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